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Characterisation of a microwave induced plasma torch for glass surface modification

Adam BENNETT, Nan YU, Fengzhou FANG, Marco CASTELLI, Guoda CHEN, Alessio BALLERI, Takuya URAYAMA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第1期   页码 122-132 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0603-5

摘要： Microwave induced plasma torches find wide applications in material and chemical analysis. Investigation of a coaxial electrode microwave induced plasma (CE–MIP) torch is conducted in this study, making it available for glass surface modification and polishing. A dedicated nozzle is designed to inject secondary gases into the main plasma jet. This study details the adaptation of a characterisation process for CE–MIP technology. Microwave spectrum analysis is used to create a polar plot of the microwave energy being emitted from the coaxial electrode, where the microwave energy couples with the gas to generate the plasma jet. Optical emission spectroscopy analysis is also employed to create spatial maps of the photonic intensity distribution within the plasma jet when different additional gases are injected into it. The CE–MIP torch is experimentally tested for surface energy modification on glass where it creates a super-hydrophilic surface.

关键词： microwave induced plasma     spectrum analysis     surface modification    

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Improved film evaporator for mechanistic understanding of microwave-induced separation process

Xin Gao, Dandan Shu, Xingang Li, Hong Li

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 759-771 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1816-1

摘要： Microwave-induced film evaporation separation process has been reported recently to separate the polar/nonpolar mixture. However, the efficiency of the separation is still too low for practical applications, which requires further enhancement via different strategies such as optimization design of evaporator structure. In addition the depth understanding of the separation mechanisms is great importance for better utilization of the microwave-induced separation process. To carry out these investigations, a novel microwave-induced falling film evaporation instrument was developed in this paper. The improvement of the enhancement effect of microwave-induced separation was observed based on the improved film evaporator. The systematic experiments on microwave-induced separation with different binary azeotropic mixtures (ethanol-ethyl acetate system and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)-H O system) were conducted based on the new evaporator. For the ethanol-ethyl acetate system, microwave irradiation shift the direction of evaporation separation at higher ethanol content in the starting liquid mixture. Moreover, for DMC-H O system microwave-induced separation process broke through the limitations of the traditional distillation process. The results clearly demonstrated the microwave-induced evaporation separation process could be commendably applied to the separation of binary azeotrope with different dielectric properties. Effects of operating parameters are also investigated to trigger further mechanism understanding on the microwave-induced separation process.

关键词： process intensification     microwave     falling film evaporation     separation     azeotrope    

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Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 931-942 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0771-y

摘要： Diverse interactions between microwaves and irradiated media provide a solid foundation for identifying novel organization pathways for energy flow. In this study, a high-energy-site phenomenon and targeted-energy transition mechanism were identified in a particular microwave heating (MH) process. Intense discharges were observed when microwaves were imposed on irregularly sized SiC particles, producing tremendous heat that was 8-fold the amount generated in the discharge-free case. Energy efficiency was thereby greatly improved in the electricity-microwaves-effective heat transition. Meanwhile, the dispersed microwave field energy concentrated in small sites, where local temperatures could reach 2000°C– 4000°C, with the energy density reaching up to 4.0 × 105 W/kg. This can be called a high-energy site phenomenon which could induce further processes or reactions enhancement by coupling effects of heat, light, and plasma. The whole process, including microwave energy concentration and intense site-energy release, shapes a targeted-energy transition mechanism that can be optimized in a controlled manner through morphology design. In particular, the discharge intensity, frequency, and high-energy sites were strengthened through the fabrication of sharp nano/microstructures, conferring twice the energy efficiency of untreated metal wires. The microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition provide an important pathway for high-efficiency energy deployment and may lead to promising applications.

关键词： microwave discharge     high-energy sites     targeted-energy transition     morphology design     energy efficiency    

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Degradation of Azo dye direct black BN based on adsorption and microwave-induced catalytic reaction

Shanshan Ding, Wen Huang, Shaogui Yang, Danjun Mao, Julong Yuan, Yuxuan Dai, Jijie Kong, Cheng Sun, Huan He, Shiyin Li, Limin Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-1003-x

摘要： The novel microwave catalyst MgFe O -SiC was synthesized via sol-gel method, to remove azo dye Direct Black BN (DB BN) through adsorption and microwave-induced catalytic reaction. Microwave-induced catalytic degradation of DB BN, including adsorption behavior and its influencing factors of DB BN on MgFe O -SiC were investigated. According to the obtained results, it indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model was suitable for the adsorption of DB BN onto MgFe O -SiC. Besides, the consequence of adsorption isotherm depicted that the adsorption of DB BN was in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm, which verified that the singer layer adsorption of MgFe O -SiC was dominant than the multi-layer one. The excellent adsorption capacities of MgFe O -SiC were kept in the range of initial pH from 3 to 7. In addition, it could be concluded that the degradation rate of DB BN decreased over ten percent after the adsorption equilibrium had been attained, and the results from the result of comparative experiments manifested that the adsorption process was not conducive to the process of microwave-induced catalytic degradation. The degradation intermediates and products of DB BN were identified and determined by GC-MS and LC-MS. Furthermore, combined with the catalytic mechanism of MgFe O -SiC, the proposed degradation pathways of DB BN were the involution of microwave-induced ·OH and holes in this catalytic system the breakage of azo bond, hydroxyl substitution, hydroxyl addition, nitration reaction, deamination reaction, desorbate reaction, dehydroxy group and ring-opening reaction.

关键词： Adsorption     Microwave-induced catalytic degradation     Direct black BN     Degradation pathway    

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Diagnostic evaluation of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity ratio in primary aldosteronism

ZHANG Huilan, WANG Daowen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 11-14 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0003-4

摘要： Using the plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity ratio (PAC/PRA ratio) as the screening test of choice for primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients, we studied the clinical characteristics and the diagnostic value of PAC/PRA ratio in primary aldosteronism. The plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma renin activity (PRA) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 902 hypertensive patients from out-patient clinics or hospitals. One hundred and twenty-six suspected primary aldosteronism patients whose PAC/PRA ratio was > 25 ng/dL/ng/mL/hr had a lamellar computed tomography (CT) scan in the adrenal gland and follow-up visits. The proportion of primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients was 14% (126/902). There were 54 patients with unilateral or bilateral hyperplasia and 25 patients with adenoma according to the CT scan. 39% (49/126) of the patients with primary aldosteronism had hypokalemia. Twenty-five patients received surgical treatment. The efficacy and cure rates were 100% (25/25) and 48% (12/25), respectively. The effective rate of aldactone and the single-drug cure rate were 89% (48/54) and 24% (13/54), respectively. Primary aldosteronism affects over 10% of hypertensive patients in China. The PAC/PRA ratio can be considered as a routine screening test in hypertensives, especially resistant hypertensive patients and a high PAC/PRA ratio is an invaluable index in primary aldosteronism diagnosis.
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Important parameters in plasma jets for the production of RONS in liquids for plasma medicine: A brief

Anna Khlyustova, Cédric Labay, Zdenko Machala, Maria-Pau Ginebra, Cristina Canal

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 238-252 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1801-8

摘要： Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are among the key factors in plasma medicine. They are generated by atmospheric plasmas in biological fluids, living tissues and in a variety of liquids. This ability of plasmas to create a delicate mix of RONS in liquids has been used to design remote or indirect treatments for oncological therapy by treating biological fluids by plasmas and putting them in contact with the tumour. Documented effects include selective cancer cell toxicity, even though the exact mechanisms involved are still under investigation. However, the “right” dose for suitable therapeutical activity is crucial and still under debate. The wide variety of plasma sources hampers comparisons. This review focuses on atmospheric pressure plasma jets as the most studied plasma devices in plasma medicine and compiles the conditions employed to generate RONS in relevant liquids and the concentration ranges obtained. The concentrations of H O , NO , NO and short-lived oxygen species are compared critically to provide a useful overview for the reader.

关键词： atmospheric plasma jets     liquids     ROS     RNS     plasma-dose    

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Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of plasma-surface reactions on heterogeneous surfaces

Daniil Marinov

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 815-822 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1837-9

摘要： Reactions of atoms and molecules on chamber walls in contact with low temperature plasmas are important in various technological applications. Plasma-surface interactions are complex and relatively poorly understood. Experiments performed over the last decade by several groups prove that interactions of reactive species with relevant plasma-facing materials are characterized by distributions of adsorption energy and reactivity. In this paper, we develop a kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model that can effectively handle chemical kinetics on such heterogenous surfaces. Using this model, we analyse published adsorption-desorption kinetics of chlorine molecules and recombination of oxygen atoms on rotating substrates as a test case for the KMC model.

关键词： plasma-surface interaction     kinetic Monte Carlo     plasma nano technology    

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From plasma to plasmonics: toward sustainable and clean water production through membranes

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 1809-1836 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2339-3

摘要： The increasing demand for potable water is never-ending. Freshwater resources are scarce and stress is accumulating on other alternatives. Therefore, new technologies and novel optimization methods are developed for the existing processes. Membrane-based processes are among the most efficient methods for water treatment. Yet, membranes suffer from severe operational problems, namely fouling and temperature polarization. These effects can harm the membrane’s permeability, permeate recovery, and lifetime. To mitigate such effects, membranes can be treated through two techniques: plasma treatment (a surface modification technique), and treatment through the use of plasmonic materials (surface and bulk modification). This article showcases plasma- and plasmonic-based treatments in the context of water desalination/purification. It aims to offer a comprehensive review of the current developments in membrane-based water treatment technologies along with suggested directions to enhance its overall efficiency through careful selection of material and system design. Moreover, basic guidelines and strategies are outlined on the different membrane modification techniques to evaluate its prerequisites. Besides, we discuss the challenges and future developments about these membrane modification methods.

关键词： water treatment     membrane-based process     plasma treatment     plasma polymerization     plasmonic     light-to-heat conversion    

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Atomistic simulations of plasma catalytic processes

Erik C. Neyts

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 145-154 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1674-7

摘要： There is currently a growing interest in the realisation and optimization of hybrid plasma/catalyst systems for a multitude of applications, ranging from nanotechnology to environmental chemistry. In spite of this interest, there is, however, a lack in fundamental understanding of the underlying processes in such systems. While a lot of experimental research is already being carried out to gain this understanding, only recently the first simulations have appeared in the literature. In this contribution, an overview is presented on atomic scale simulations of plasma catalytic processes as carried out in our group. In particular, this contribution focusses on plasma-assisted catalyzed carbon nanostructure growth, and plasma catalysis for greenhouse gas conversion. Attention is paid to what can routinely be done, and where challenges persist.

关键词： atomic scale simulation     plasma-catalyst    

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Plasma-catalysis: Is it just a question of scale?

J. Christopher Whitehead

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 264-273 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1794-3

摘要： The issues of describing and understanding the changes in performance that result when a catalyst is placed into plasma are discussed. The different chemical and physical interactions that result and how their combination might produce beneficial results for the plasma-catalytic processing of different gas streams are outlined with particular emphasis being placed on the different range of spatial and temporal scales that must be considered both in experiment and modelling. The focus is on non-thermal plasma where the lack of thermal equilibrium creates a range of temperature scales that must be considered. This contributes in part to a wide range of inhomogeneity in different properties such as species concentrations and electric fields that must be determined experimentally by methods and be incorporated into modelling. It is concluded that plasma-catalysis is best regarded as conventional catalysis perturbed by the presence of a discharge, which modifies its operating conditions, properties and outcomes often in a very localised way. The sometimes used description “plasma-activated catalysis” is an apt one.

关键词： plasma catalysis     plasma-activated catalysis     non-thermal plasma     CO2 conversion    

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Submerged arc plasma system combined with ozone oxidation for the treatment of wastewater containing

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1384-0

摘要：

• Submerged arc plasma was introduced in terms of wastewater treatment.

关键词： Thermal plasma     Submerged arc plasma     Wastewater     Ozone     Phenol     Highly energetic electron    

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Modelling and diagnostics of multiple cathodes plasma torch system for plasma spraying

Kirsten BOBZIN, Nazlim BAGCIVAN, Lidong ZHAO, Ivica PETKOVIC, Jochen SCHEIN, Karsten HARTZ-BEHREND, Stefan KIRNER, José-Luis MARQUéS, Günter FORSTER

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第6卷 第3期   页码 324-331 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0125-2

摘要：

Usage of a multiple-arcs system has significantly improved process stability and coating properties in air plasma spraying. However, there are still demands on understanding and controlling the physical process to determine process conditions for reproducible coating quality and homogeneity of coating microstructure. The main goal of this work is the application of numerical simulation for the prediction of the temperature profiles at the torch outlet for real process conditions. Behaviour of the gas flow and electric arcs were described in a three-dimensional numerical model. The calculated results showed the characteristic triangular temperature distribution at the torch nozzle outlet caused by three electric arcs. These results were compared with experimentally determined temperature distributions, which were obtained with specially developed computed tomography equipment for reconstructing the emissivity and temperature distribution of the plasma jet close to the torch exit. The calculated results related to temperature values and contours were verified for the most process parameters with experimental ones.

关键词： plasma spraying     electric arc     three-cathode plasma torch     numerical simulation     computed tomography    

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Decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid by microwave-activated persulfate: Effects of temperature, pH

Yuchi LEE, Shanglien LO, Jeff KUO, Chinghong HSIEH

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 17-25 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0371-x

摘要： Microwave-hydrothermal treatment of persistent and bioaccumulative perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water with persulfate ( ) has been found effective. However, applications of this process to effectively remediate PFOA pollution require a better understanding on free-radical scavenging reactions that also take place. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of pH (pH= 2.5, 6.6, 8.8, and 10.5), chloride concentrations (0.01–0.15 mol·L ), and temperature (60°C, 90°C, and 130°C) on persulfate oxidation of PFOA under microwave irradiation. Maximum PFOA degradation occurred at pH 2.5, while little or no degradation at pH 10.5. Lowering system pH resulted in an increase in PFOA degradation rate. Both high pH and chloride concentrations would result in more scavenging of sulfate free radicals and slow down PFOA degradation. When chloride concentrations were less than 0.04 mol·L at 90°C and 0.06 mol·L at 60°C, presence of chloride ions had insignificant impacts on PFOA degradation. However, beyond these concentration levels, PFOA degradation rates reduced significantly with an increase in chloride concentrations, especially under the higher temperature.

关键词： microwave     perfluorooctanoic acid     pH     persulfate     chloride ions     perfluorocarboxylic acids    

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Study on the microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from tea

Liyun WANG, Peiyong QIN, Yan HU,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 307-313 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0282-6

摘要： This study demonstrated a promising method for quickly extracting tea polyphenol (TP) by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technology. Some influential parameters, including MAE temperature, microwave power, concentration of extraction solvent, MAE time and the solid/liquid ratio, were investigated. The optimum condition of MAE was obtained by dual extraction with 60% ethanol (v/v) and the solid/liquid ratio 1:12 g/mL at 80°C for 10 minutes under the microwave power 600 W. The yield of TP was 96.5% under the described condition. Compared with traditional methods, including hot reflux extraction (HRE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), the extraction time was saved 8 times than that of HRE, and the yield was increased by 17.5%. The extraction time at comparable levels of production was saved 2 times, and the energy consumption was one fourth that of UAE. The extraction time was saved 5 times than that of SFE, and the yield of TP was increased by 40%. Moreover, compared with MAE of TP studied by others, it decreased the solid/liquid ratio from 1 ∶ 20 to 1 ∶ 12 g/mL without 90-min pre-leaching time, and the yield of TP was increased by 6%–40%.

关键词： energy consumption     microwave-assisted extraction     optimum condition     pre-leaching     concentration    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Characterisation of a microwave induced plasma torch for glass surface modification

Adam BENNETT, Nan YU, Fengzhou FANG, Marco CASTELLI, Guoda CHEN, Alessio BALLERI, Takuya URAYAMA

期刊论文

Improved film evaporator for mechanistic understanding of microwave-induced separation process

Xin Gao, Dandan Shu, Xingang Li, Hong Li

期刊论文

Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

期刊论文

Degradation of Azo dye direct black BN based on adsorption and microwave-induced catalytic reaction

Shanshan Ding, Wen Huang, Shaogui Yang, Danjun Mao, Julong Yuan, Yuxuan Dai, Jijie Kong, Cheng Sun, Huan He, Shiyin Li, Limin Zhang

期刊论文

Diagnostic evaluation of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity ratio in primary aldosteronism

ZHANG Huilan, WANG Daowen

期刊论文

Important parameters in plasma jets for the production of RONS in liquids for plasma medicine: A brief

Anna Khlyustova, Cédric Labay, Zdenko Machala, Maria-Pau Ginebra, Cristina Canal

期刊论文

Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of plasma-surface reactions on heterogeneous surfaces

Daniil Marinov

期刊论文

From plasma to plasmonics: toward sustainable and clean water production through membranes

期刊论文

高鑫：微波诱导热点效应及其在化工分离中的应用（2022年4月16日）

2022年06月09日

会议视频

Atomistic simulations of plasma catalytic processes

Erik C. Neyts

期刊论文

Plasma-catalysis: Is it just a question of scale?

J. Christopher Whitehead

期刊论文

Submerged arc plasma system combined with ozone oxidation for the treatment of wastewater containing

期刊论文

Modelling and diagnostics of multiple cathodes plasma torch system for plasma spraying

Kirsten BOBZIN, Nazlim BAGCIVAN, Lidong ZHAO, Ivica PETKOVIC, Jochen SCHEIN, Karsten HARTZ-BEHREND, Stefan KIRNER, José-Luis MARQUéS, Günter FORSTER

期刊论文

Decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid by microwave-activated persulfate: Effects of temperature, pH

Yuchi LEE, Shanglien LO, Jeff KUO, Chinghong HSIEH

期刊论文

Study on the microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from tea

Liyun WANG, Peiyong QIN, Yan HU,

期刊论文